Which Five of These Martial Arts Rely Heavily on Kicking

Physical strike using the leg, human foot or knee

"Kick" redirects here. For the Austrian villages, run across Kicking, Austria.

Kick

A kick is a concrete strike using the leg, in unison ordinarily with an expanse of the knee joint or lower using the foot, heel, tibia (shin), ball of the pes, blade of the foot, toes or knee (the latter is besides known as a knee strike). This blazon of attack is used oftentimes by hooved animals as well as humans in the context of stand-up fighting. Kicks play a significant office in many forms of martial arts, such every bit capoeira, kalaripayattu, karate, kickboxing, kung fu, MMA, Muay thai, pankration, pradal serey, savate, sikaran, silat, taekwondo, vovinam, and Yaw-Yan. Kicks are a universal act of assailment amid humans.

Kicking is likewise prominent from its employ in many sports, peculiarly those chosen football. The all-time known of these sports is association football, also known every bit soccer.

History [edit]

The English verb to boot appears merely in the late 14th century, apparently every bit a loan from Onetime Norse, originally in the sense of a hooved creature delivering strikes with his hind legs.^{[ citation needed ]}

Kicks every bit an human activity of man aggression have likely existed worldwide since prehistory. Yet, the earliest documentation of high kicks, aimed above the waist or to the head, comes from Asian martial arts. Such kicks were introduced to the w in the 19th century with early hybrid martial arts inspired by Asian styles such as Bartitsu and Savate. Do of high kicks became more universal in the second half of the 20th century with the more widespread development of hybrid styles such every bit kickboxing and eventually mixed martial arts.

The history of the high kick in Asian martial arts is difficult to trace, it appears to be prevalent in all traditional forms of Indochinese kickboxing, but these cannot be traced with whatsoever technical detail to pre-mod times. In Muay Boran ("ancient battle" in Thailand) was developed under Rama 5 (r. 1868–1910) and while it is known that earlier forms of "boxing" existed during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, the details regarding these techniques are unclear. Some stances that look like depression kicks, simply not loftier kicks, are visible in the Shaolin temple frescoes, dated to the 17th century.^{[ citation needed ]} The Mahabharata (4.xiii), an Indian epic compiled at some signal before the 5th century Advertizing, describes an unarmed manus-to-paw battle, including the sentence "and they gave each other tearing kicks" (without providing any further particular). Kicks including ones in a higher place the waist are normally depicted in the rock carvings of the Khmer Empire temples in Cambodia.

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  A kicking to the knee every bit depicted in a Bizarre Ringen treatise (Johann Georg Passchen 1659)

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  Bas-relief at the Bayon(twelfth/13th century) in Cambodia. In the upper left corner, a martial artist delivers a thrust kick to his opponent'south trunk. In the lower right corner, a martial artist demonstrates a loftier kick.

Applications [edit]

Equally the human leg is longer and stronger than the arm, kicks are generally used to keep an opponent at a distance, surprise them with their range and inflict substantial impairment. Opinion is as well very important in whatever combat organisation and whatever attempt to deliver a kick volition necessarily compromise stability to some degree. The application of kicks is a trade-off between the power and range that tin be delivered against the cost incurred to balance. As gainsay situations are fluid, understanding this trade-off and making the appropriate conclusion to suit to each moment is key.

Kicks are commonly directed against helpless or downed targets, while for more general self-defense applications, the consensus is that unproblematic kicks aimed at vulnerable targets beneath the chest may exist highly efficient, but should exist executed with a degree of intendance. Cocky-defense experts, such every bit author and teacher Marc Macyoung, claim that kicks should be aimed no higher than the waist/stomach. Thus, the fighter should not compromise their remainder while delivering a kicking and retract the leg properly to avoid grappling. It is ofttimes recommended to build and drill simple combinations that involve attacking different levels of an opponent. A common example would exist distracting an opponent's focus via a simulated jab, following upward with a powerful attack at the opponent's legs and punching.

Further, since low kicks are inherently quicker and harder to see and dodge in general they are often emphasized in a street fight scenario.

Practicality of high kicks [edit]

The utility of high kicks (to a higher place chest level) has been debated.^[ane] Proponents have viewed that some high forepart snap kicks are effective for striking the face up or pharynx, especially against charging opponents and flight kicks can be effective to scare off attackers.^{[ commendation needed ]} Martial arts systems that apply high kicks also emphasize preparation of very efficient and technically perfected forms of kicks, include recovery techniques in the issue of a miss or cake and will apply a wide repertoire of kicks adjusted to specific situations.

Detractors have asserted that the flying/jumping kicks performed in synthesis styles are primarily performed for workout or aesthetic reasons, while the high kicks every bit skillful in sport martial arts are privileged due to specialized tournament rules, such as limiting the contest to stand-upwardly fighting, or reducing the punishment resulting from a failed attempt at delivering a kick.

Although kicks can issue in an easy takedown for the opponent if they are caught or the resulting imbalance is exploited, kicks to all parts of the trunk are very present in mixed martial arts, with some fighters employing them sporadically, while others, like Lyoto Machida, Edson Barboza and Donald Cerrone rely heavily on their employ and have multiple knockouts by kicks on their resume.

Basic kicks [edit]

Roundhouse kicking [edit]

The aggressor swings their leg sideways in a round motility, kicking the opponent's side with the forepart of the leg, usually with the instep, brawl of the foot, toe, or shin. It can also be performed is a 360-degree kick where the attacker performs a full circumvolve with their leg, in which the hit surface is generally either the instep, shin or ball of the foot.^[2]

In that location are many variations of the roundhouse kicking based on various chambering of the cocked leg (small, or full, or universal or no chambering) or various footwork possibilities (rear-leg, forepart-leg, hopping, switch, oblique, dropping, basis spin-back or full 360 spin-back). An important variation is the downward roundhouse kick, nicknamed the Brazilian Kicking from recent Yard-1 utilize: A more pronounced twist of the hips allows for a downward finish of the trajectory of the kick that is very deceiving.^[three]

Due to its power, the roundhouse kick may as well be performed at low level against targets, such as the knees, calf, or even thigh, since attacking leg muscles will oftentimes cripple an opponent's mobility. It is the nigh commonly used kicking in kickboxing due to its power and ease of utilise. In near Karate styles, the instep is used to strike, though employ of the shin every bit an official technique for a street fight would mostly exist allowed.

Front boot [edit]

Delivering a front kick involves raising the knee and human foot of the hit leg to the desired height and extending the leg to contact the target. The strike is usually delivered by the ball of the pes for a forward kicking or the top of the toes for an upward kick. Taekwondo practitioners utilize both the heel and ball of the foot for hit. Various combat systems teach 'general' front kick using the heel or whole foot when footwear is on. Depending on the fighter's tactical needs, a front kick may involve more or less body motion and thrusting with the hips is a common method of increasing both achieve and power of the boot. The forepart kick is typically executed with the upper body direct and balanced. Front kicks are typically aimed at targets beneath the chest: tummy, thighs, groin, knees or lower. Highly skilled martial artists are often capable of hitting head-level targets with front kick.^{[iv] [5]}

Side kicking [edit]

The side kick is delivered sideways in relation to the trunk of the person kicking.^[6] A standard side kick is performed past offset 'chambering' past raising the kicking leg diagonally across the body, and so extending the leg in a linear fashion toward the target, while flexing the abdominals. The 2 mutual impact points in sidekicks are the heel or the outer edge of the pes, with the heel is more suited to hard targets such as the ribs, stomach, jaw, temple and chest. When executing a side kicking with the heel, the toes should be pulled back so that they but make contact the heel and non with the whole pes as hitting with the arch or the ball of the pes can injure the human foot or break an ankle.

Another way of doing the side kick is to make information technology a result of a faked roundhouse. This technique is considered antiquated^{[ commendation needed ]} and used only after an opponent is persuaded to believe it is a roundhouse (a feint) and and so led to believe that closing the distance is best for an upper torso assail, which plays into the tactical position and relative requirement of this version of the side kick. In Korean, yeop chagi and in Okinawan fighting, information technology is sometimes called a dragon kick. Some have chosen this side kicking a "twist boot" due to its roundhouse like origins. This side kicking begins as would a roundhouse kick even so the practitioner allows the heel to move towards the center of the body. The boot is then directed outward from a cross-leg chamber and then that the final destination of the kick is a target to the side, rather than i that is directly ahead.

Back kick [edit]

Also referred to as a donkey kick, mule kick, horse kicking or turning dorsum kick. This boot is directed backwards, keeping the kicking leg close to the standing leg and using the heel equally a hitting surface. In wushu, this kick is called the "half-moon" boot but involves the slight arching of the back and a higher lift of the leg to requite a larger curvature. It is often used to strike opponents by surprise when facing away from them.

Advanced kicks [edit]

These are often complicated variations of bones kicks, either with a unlike target or combined with another motion, such as jumping.

Axe kick [edit]

In Japanese, kakato-geri or kakato-otoshi; in Korean, doki bal chagi or naeryeo chagi or "chikka chagi". In Chinese, "pigua tui" or "xiapi tui".

An axe kicking, too known as a hammer kick or stretch kick, is characterized by a straightened leg with the heel descending onto an opponent like the blade of an axe. Information technology begins with i human foot ascent upwards every bit in a crescent kick^[seven] then the upwards arc motion is stopped and and so the attacking foot is lowered to strike the target from above. The arc tin be performed in either an inward (counter-clockwise) or outward (clockwise) fashion.

A well-known proponent of the axe kick was Andy Hug, the Swiss Kyokushinkai Karateka who won the 1996 K-i 1000 Prix.

Butterfly kick [edit]

Wushu Butterfly kicking (animated video)

The butterfly kick is washed by doing a large circular movement with both anxiety in succession, making the combatant airborne. At that place are many variations of this kick. The boot may await like a slanted aerial cartwheeland at the same fourth dimension, the trunk spins horizontally in a circle. It begins equally a jump with one leg while kicking with the other, then motility the kicking leg down and the jumping leg up into a boot, landing with the first kicking leg, all while spinning. This boot involves also the arching the back backwards when airborne to give a horizontal body with high angled legs to the horizontal. It may likewise resemble a jumping spin roundhouse kicking (developed by James 'Two Screens' Perkins) into a spinning claw kicking, all in one jump and one spin although the divergence is that both legs should remain in the air at the same fourth dimension for a considerable corporeality of time.^[8]

Start practiced in Chinese martial arts, the butterfly kick, or "xuan zi", is widely viewed as ineffective for actual combat. However, its original purpose was to evade an opponent's floor sweep and flip to the antagonist's exposed side or it may be used as a double aerial kicking to an opponent standing off to the side. Information technology is now widely used in demonstrative wushu forms (taolu) every bit a symbol of difficulty. Also note the similarity in execution when compared to an ice skating maneuver known as a flight camel spin (aka: Button Camel).

Calf kicking [edit]

This strike is a depression roundhouse kick that hits the backside of the dogie with the shin.^[9] While a Calf Kick sacrifices range in comparing to a standard low roundhouse kick to the thigh, the Calf Kick can't be checked with a knee or grabbed with an arm making information technology a safer kicking for a striker in MMA matches vs opponents capable of checking low kicks or grapplers looking for takedown opportunities. The kick was popularized by one-time UFC Lightweight champion Benson Henderson during his tenure in the UFC.

Crescent boot [edit]

In Korean, bandal chagi (반달 차기).

The crescent kick, as well referred to as a "swing" kicking, has some similarities to a claw kicking and is sometimes practised as an off-target front snap kicking.^[10] The leg is aptitude like the forepart boot, but the genu is pointed at a target to the left or correct of the true target. The energy from the snap is then redirected, whipping the leg into an arc and hitting the target from the side. This is useful for getting inside defenses and hit the side of the caput or for knocking down hands to follow up with a close attack. In many styles of T'ai chi ch'uan and Kalaripayattu, crescent kicks are taught as tripping techniques. When training for crescent kicks, information technology is common to keep the knee joint extended to increase the difficulty. This also increases the momentum of the foot and can generate more than forcefulness, though information technology takes longer to build up the speed.^[11]

The inward/inner/inside crescent hits with the within edge of the foot. Its curvation is clockwise for the left leg and counter-clockwise for the right leg with force generated by both legs' movement towards from the midline of the body. The inward variant has likewise been called a hangetsu geri (Half moon kick) in karate and is employed to "wipe" an opponents mitt off of the wrist. Information technology can chop-chop be followed up past a low side-blade kick to the knee joint of the offender.

The outward/outer/outside crescent hits with the 'blade', the outside edge of the human foot. Its path is counter-clockwise for the left leg and clockwise for the right leg and force is generated by both legs' hip abduction. This is similar to a rising side kick, only with the kicking leg's hip flexed so that the line of force travels parallel to the ground from front end to side rather than directly upwardly, beginning and ending at the side.

Hook boot [edit]

In Korean, huryeo chagi ( 후려 차기 ) or golcho chagi .

The hook kick strikes with the heel from the side. It is executed similar to a side kick. Nonetheless, the kick is intentionally aimed slightly off target in the management of the boot foot's toes. At total extension, the knee joint is aptitude and the foot snapped to the side, impacting the target with the heel. In Taekwondo it is often used at the resulting miss of a brusk slide side kick to the head, but is considered a very high level technique in said circumstance. Practitioners of jeet kune exercise frequently utilize the term heel hook kicking or sweep kick.^{[12] [13] [14]} It is known as Gancho in Capoeira.

There are many variations of the hook kick, generally based on unlike pes work: rear- or front-leg, oblique or one-half-pivot, dropping, spin-back and more. The hook kick can be delivered with a near-direct leg at impact, or with a hooked end (Kake in Japanese Karate) where the leg bends before bear upon to take hold of the target from behind. An important variation is the downward hook kicking, delivered as a regular or a spin-back kicking, in which the finish of the trajectory is diagonally downwards for a surprise consequence or following an evading opponent. Another important variation is the whip kick, which strikes with the apartment of the foot instead of heel.^[fifteen]

The hook kick is mainly used to strike the jaw expanse of an opponent, but is also highly effective in the temple region.

Low, center and high Reverse roundhouse kicks performed in succession

Reverse roundhouse/wheel kicking [edit]

In Japanese, ushiro mawashi geri ( 後ろ回し蹴り ); in Korean, bandae dollyo chagi ( 반대 돌려 차기 ), dwit hu ryo chagi , nakkio mom dollyo chagi or parryo chagi .

This kick is too known as a heel boot, turning kick, contrary round kicking, spinning hook kick, spin kick, or "wheel kicking".^[sixteen] A low contrary roundhouse is also known equally a Sweep Kick or Sitting Spin Kick, however, in some martial arts circles, when aimed at a downward angle to the anterior side of the knee it is unremarkably referred to every bit "The Shark Kick" due to its tendency to tear the anterior cruciate ligament. The Reverse Roundhouse kicking traditionally uses the protruding point on the backside of the heel to strike with, the kick leg coming from around the kicker'due south back as they pivot and the genu remaining relatively straight on the follow through, dissimilar the leg position in a reverse hooking kick, despite the spinning move and the office of the heel being roughly the aforementioned. Run across above for more on claw kicks. Variations exist for low, eye and high heights. Spinning and leaping variations of the kicking are besides popular and are often showcased in moving picture and goggle box media. At UFC 142, Edson Barboza knocked out Terry Etim using a wheel kicking in the third circular of their fight, the first such in the Ultimate Fighting Title.

A similarly named but technically different kicking, is a roundhouse boot performed by turning equally if for a back directly kick and executing a roundhouse kick. It is known as a Reverse Roundhouse Kick because the kicker turns in the opposite, or "reverse", direction before the kick is executed. This kick strikes with the ball of the pes for power or the acme of the foot for range. This was exhibited by Bruce Lee on numerous occasions in his films Enter the Dragon, Fist of Fury and The Large Boss, Nib Wallace was as well a great user of this kick, as seen in his fight with Nib Briggs, where he KO'd his opponent with the clocked 60 mph boot.^[17] The Jump Spin Hook Boot was popularized in the mid-eighties by Steven Ho in open martial fine art competitions.

In Olympic format (sport) taekwondo, this technique is performed using the balls of the feet and in a manner similar to a dorsum thrust, rather than the circular technique adopted in other styles/Martial Arts.

Flying back boot. Note: The running-up part of the flight kick sequence is cut off in this animation, so but the jumping component of the kicking is seen.

Flying kicks [edit]

A flying kicking, in martial arts, is a general description of kicks that involve a running outset, jump, and then a kicking in mid-air. Compared to a regular kick, the user is able to achieve greater momentum from the run at the start. Flying kicks are non to be mistaken for jumping kicks, which are similar maneuvers. A jumping kick is very similar to a flying kick, except that it lacks the running start and the user merely jumps and kicks from a stationary position. Flying kicks are frequently derived from the bones kicks. Some of the more than usually known flight kicks are the: flying side kicking, flight dorsum kick and the flying roundhouse kick, as well equally the flying opposite roundhouse boot. Flight kicks are commonly practiced in Taekwondo, Karate, Wushu and Muay Thai for fitness, exhibitions and competition. It is known as tobi geri in Japanese martial arts and twyo chagi in Taekwondo.

Showtime kick [edit]

The Start kicking gained notability after being used past mixed martial artist Anthony Pettis, during his fight against Benson Henderson on Dec 16, at WEC 53 for the WEC Lightweight Championship.^[18] In the fifth circular Pettis ran upwards the cage, jumped off the cage, and so landed a switch kick while airborne. Sports reporters later named this the Get-go Kick.^[nineteen] The kick was also used by mixed martial artists: Zabit Magomedsharipov^[20] and others. The kick was featured in the film Here Comes the Boom.

Scissor kick [edit]

Several kicks may be called a scissor kick, involving swinging out the legs to kick multiple targets or using the legs to take down an opponent.

The popularized version of a scissor boot is, while lying downwardly, or jumping, the kicker brings both legs to both sides of the opponent's legs or to their body and head, so brings both in as a take down (every bit the name states, leg motions are similar that of a pair of pair of scissors).

The scissor boot in Taekwondo is called kawi chagi. In Capoeira it is called tesoura (scissors).

Scissor kicks and other variants are also usually applied in Vovinam.

Spinning heel kicking [edit]

A spinning heel kick is where the artist turns his/her body 360 degrees earlier landing the heel or the brawl of his/her pes on the target. It is found in Muay Thai and is known in Capoeira equally armada.

Vertical kicking (thrust kick/push boot/side kick) [edit]

The vertical kick involves bringing the knee forward and across the chest, then swinging the hip while extending the kicking leg outward, hit with the exterior ("sword") edge of the foot. In karate this is called a yoko geri keage, in Taekwondo it is referred to every bit sewo chagi and tin be performed as either an inward (anuro) or outward (bakuro) boot.

Multiple kick/machine gun boot [edit]

In Japanese karate, the term ren geri is used for several kicks performed in succession. Old karate did not promote the employ of the legs for weapons equally much as mod karate does, seeing them as beingness too open for countering, in modern sport karate (non-traditional) competitions, however, the ability to employ multiple kicks without setting the human foot down has go a viable option, not but for effectiveness just also for stylish aesthetics.

In Taekwondo, three types of multiple kick are distinguished:

• Double kick (i-jung chagi): two kicks of the same blazon executed in succession by the same pes in the aforementioned direction.
• Consecutive kick (yonsok chagi): ii or more than kicks executed in succession by the same human foot but in unlike directions, or with different attacking tools.
• Combination kick (honhap chagi): two or more than kicks executed in succession by both feet.

One such Multiple Kick unremarkably seen in Taekwondo, is a slightly complex Side Kick where a High Side Boot is followed by a Low Side Kick which is in plow followed by a more than powerful Side Boot. This combination is washed quickly and is meant not for multiple targets but for a single one. The Multiple Kick usually targets the face, thigh and chest, but in turn can be a multiple chest attack which is useful for knocking the breath out of an attacker. The Multiple Kicking is unremarkably done in the "2nd" manner described in the Side Boot article which "involves shooting the leg forward every bit in a front kick and so pivoting and turning and then" to actually deliver a side kicking. That style "has far less ability but is much faster and more than deceptive", which is what the Multiple Kick was designed for. The Multiple Kick, unlike some Side Kicks or "side bract kicks", never uses the outer edge of the foot; it is intended solely for the heel to be used as the bear on point. Depending on the forcefulness and skill of the assaulter and the attacked, the combination can be highly effective or highly ineffective when compared to more than pragmatic attacks. In some encounters with highly trained and conditioned fighters, multiple side-kicks have seen disastrous results confronting the abs of their target.

Run into as well [edit]

• Dynamic stretching
• Stomp

References [edit]

1. ^ "Kicking is starting to impact MMA striking". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
2. ^ "UFC 143 Judo Chop: The Instep Roundhouse Kick Of Stephen Thompson". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
3. ^ The Essential Book of Martial Arts Kicks: 89 Kicks from Karate, Taekwondo, Muay Thai, Jeet Kune Do, and Others by Marc De Bremaeker and Roy Faige
4. ^ Breen, Andrew (2013-04-29). "The Forepart Kicking: How to Do It, When to Use It, What to Destroy With It (Office 1) – - Black Belt". Blackbeltmag.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
5. ^ "Judo Chop: Front Kicks With Lyoto Machida, Anderson Silva, Josh Thomson". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
6. ^ "UFC Macau Judo Chop: Anderson Silva, Cung Le, Bruce Lee and the Side Kick". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
7. ^ "Judo Chop: Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic Unleashes an Axe Kick on Pat Barry". Encarmine Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
8. ^ "Shaolin Kung Fu Stretches & Moves : Butterfly Kicking in Shaolin Kung Fu". YouTube. 2008-04-10. Archived from the original on 2010-10-03. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
9. ^ "Getting Technical on Calf Kicks". k.sherdog.com.
10. ^ "Kicks Aren't Going Anywhere Part ii: Katsunori Kikuno". Bleacher Report. 2014-01-02. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
11. ^ "Judo Chop: Katsunori Kikuno Puts the Crescent Kick To Work on Kuniyoshi Hironaka at DREAM.13". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
12. ^ "Technique Talk: Henri Hooft on the rise of spinning kicks and attacks in mixed martial arts". MMA Fighting. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
13. ^ "Taekwondo Kicks : Taekwondo Reverse Hook Kick". YouTube. 2008-06-24. Archived from the original on 2014-06-24. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
14. ^ "UFC 165 Judo Chop: Chris Cloudless's Spinning Sweep Kick". Bloody Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
15. ^ "Claw Kick".
16. ^ "UFN 31 Judo Chop: Rustam Khabilov's Spinning Hook Kick". Encarmine Elbow. Retrieved 2014-01-17 .
17. ^ "FightBack Alive with Beak Wallace". Blackness Belt Magazine. 2020-05-06. Retrieved 2021-08-28 .
18. ^ Martin, Damon (September 23, 2010). "HENDERSON VS. PETTIS OFFICIAL FOR WEC Dec 16". MMAweekly.com.
19. ^ Ciccarelli, Mitch (December 17, 2011) "Anthony Pettis' Kicking and the Best Finishing Moves in MMA History"
20. ^ "Watch: UFC Prospect Hits Sensational 'Showtime Kick', Scores Finish, Calls Out Artem Lobov - Pundit Arena". www.punditarena.com . Retrieved ix November 2018.

External links [edit]

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